Martin Luther said human reason should be “ministerial”
rather than “magisterial” in its theological uses. A magisterial use of reason in
theology would involve employing it like a magistrate standing in judgment over
the Christian gospel to determine whether or not it is true apart from
dependence on the Bible and the Holy Spirit. On the other hand, human reason is
ministerial when it is guided by and in service of God’s wisdom (made available
to us in his Word and through his Spirit). So for Luther, as for Aquinas,
theology is the queen and philosophy is the queen’s handmaiden.
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