In the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā,
the Buddhist philosopher Nāgārjuna argues for an ontological middle way as a
basis for salvation from suffering. He rejects nihilism (according to which
nothing exists) and essentialism (according to which objects have an enduring
existence). He reasons that “things” are merely products of our
conceptualization, and that we need to cease reifying our experience to find
peace. Since suffering is based on attachment due to overvaluing things
(including oneself), one can avoid suffering by realizing that nothing endures
as an appropriate object of desire. But Jesus calls us to suffer in order to
love God and others.
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